منابع مشابه
The Criteria of Economic Justice
Criteria, criteria and general areas make it easy to measure the concept through the index. The criterion of measurement may be derived from the causal or causal method. In this descriptive-analytical method through conceptual explanation, in this paper, four concepts of economic justice are first considered independently and attempted to present a standard a priori method for each concept in i...
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Tropical deforestation is a significant contributor to accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. GHG emissions from deforestation in the tropics were in the range of 1 to 2 Pg C yr(-1) for the 1990s, which is equivalent to as much as 25% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. While there is growing interest in providing incentives to avoid deforestation and consequently reduce ...
متن کاملRethinking the causes of deforestation: lessons from economic models.
Concern is rising over the deleterious effects of tropical deforestation. For example, the loss of forest cover influences the climate and reduces biodiversity, while reduced timber supplies, siltation, flooding, and soil degradation affect economic activity and threaten the livelihoods and cultural integrity of forest-dependent people. Such concerns have led economists to expand their effort...
متن کاملStructuring economic incentives to reduce emissions from deforestation within Indonesia.
We estimate and map the impacts that alternative national and subnational economic incentive structures for reducing emissions from deforestation (REDD+) in Indonesia would have had on greenhouse gas emissions and national and local revenue if they had been in place from 2000 to 2005. The impact of carbon payments on deforestation is calibrated econometrically from the pattern of observed defor...
متن کاملThe total economic value of Amazonian deforestation , 1978 – 1993
National income accounting has been criticized because of its failure to encompass the notion of sustainability. Several studies address this problem through ‘green’ income accounting — i.e. by adjusting conventionally measured GDP for reduction in a given country’s ‘stock’ of natural resources. These studies generally base value on the unit net price of the resource. Other studies go beyond ne...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Project Appraisal
سال: 1990
ISSN: 0268-8867
DOI: 10.1080/02688867.1990.9726765